Mode of spread and survival Sclerotia are black. In England, the disease was first reported in 1902. Choose cultivars that are resistant to blight. Very early spraying with Zineb or captan 0.2% and repeating it for every 15 – 20 days gives effective control. To help prevent blight, make sure the starter potatoes are free of disease. Common scab is severe in alkaline soil and application of alkaline fertilizers like calcium ammonium nitrate should be avoided. The hyphae are branched, septate and inter and intra cellular. Infection at two phases are black leg and soft rot. Potato stem diseases generally develop under wet and partially aerobic conditions. It spreads through soil and infected seed tubers. Mode of spread and survival The sporangium may act as a conidium and germinate directly to form a germ tube. Favourable condition Soaking of tubers in Mercuric chloride 0.1% formalin. Viral Diseases: Potato virus causes stipple streak. Management Romane Romane . Pathogen infects young developing tubers through the lenticels and occasionally through wounds. The conidia are club shaped with a long beak which is often half the long of the whole conidium. Symptoms Slightly pitted on the infected tuber. As the tubers grow, lesions expand, becoming corky and necrotic. In this article, we will inform you about some of the most common diseases which potato plants suffer. Symptoms For each disease you will find out the importance of the disease in terms of potential yield penalty, how to identify the disease in its early stages and our advice on the best control strategies Tuber contamination is minimized if injuries are avoided at harvest time and storing of visibly infected tubers before storage. 3.Post-harvest tuber rots – Sclerotium rolfsii. R. solanacearum is a soilborne and waterborne pathogen; the bacterium can survive and disperse for various periods of time in infested soil or water, which can form a reservoir source of inoculum. The early blight is first observed on the plants as small, black lesions mostly on the older foliage. The disease spread rapidly in the warmer temperatures in storage areas. It causes mild foliar symptoms including smaller leaves that curl downward, giving the plant a more upright growth habit. If high temperature and humidity occur at this time, much of the foliage is killed. The body of the conidium is divided by 5 – 10 transverse septa and there may or may not be a few longitudinal septa. Pathogen Warm and wet periods favour the disease, and if not controlled, it can cause dramatic leaf loss, leading to yield reductions of up to 30%. When a tuber is cut in half, black or brown rings will, however, be visible. Favorable condition At the time tuber formation wilt is the main characteristic symptom. The lower part of the conidium is brown while the neck is colorless. The pathogen is difficult to control because of long survival both on seed tubers and in soils. The pathogen is disseminated with infected soil, in running water and on farm implements. The conidia can germinate even at higher temperatures. Eye buds are black in colour. Since then it has been reported from the regions of temperate climate like Europe, North America, mountainous areas of South America as well as South Africa. If the tuber is cut the tissue oxidizes to a pinkish tinge, an easy diagnostic characteristic. Mode of spread and survival It spreads through contaminated soil, seed and water. The necrotic strain generally causes mild foliage symptoms, but necrosis in the leaves of susceptible potato varieties. Lenticels (water soaked brown rot). The symptoms of bacterial wilt infection can be seen on all parts of infected plants. Only scab free seed potatoes should be planted as this will help in checking the spread of the inoculum and infection to be subsequent crop. Potato Disease Management. Spots enlarge, and by the time they are one-fourth inch in diameter or larger, concentric rings in a bull's eye pattern can be seen in the center of the diseased area. In India, the disease was reported to occur in 1953 in the Darjeeling district in … Small, round to irregular spots with a grey center and dark margin on leaves, Spots usually start on lower leaves and gradually advance upwards, At later stage spots coalesce and leaves are blighted. This disease is mainly transmitted through aphids. Disease free seed tubers alone should be planted. Streptomyces spp. Symptoms These conidia or the new conidia found on the overwintered mycelium bring about the primary infection of the succeeding potato crop. Blackleg symptoms include soft rot of seed pieces, black to brown discoloration of the stem extending from the seed piece to above ground portions of the stem, and stunting and wilting of affected stems (Figure 1). Viele übersetzte Beispielsätze mit "potato disease" – Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch und Suchmaschine für Millionen von Deutsch-Übersetzungen. At the time of sprouting dark brown colour appear on the eyes. The stems are often more branched, with the branches having sharp angles on the stem. The pathogen survives in plant debris in the soil. The causal organism perpetuates in soil and infects the crop every year. Please leave all source links intact and adhere to applicable copyright and intellectual property guidelines and laws. Sweet potato virus disease (SPVD) Sweet potato feathery mottle virus and Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus: References. Source: NIPHM,  and Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage. The mycelium is silky white and floccose. It invaded the U.S.A. about 1909. Conidia are produced by the formation of septa at intervals along the hyphae, which contract to form narrow isthmuses between the cells. They are globose and smooth surfaced. The conidia and the mycelium in the soil or in the debris of the affected plants can remain viable for more than 17 months. The air borne infection is caused by the sporangia. Brown rot affected plant parts decay and release masses of bacteria in the soil where these may remain viable from season to season. Treating the furrows at planting with PCNB @ 15kg/ ha reduces the disease icidence.Cultural practices like heavy earthing and irrigation at regular intervals can also check the disease. Viral Diseases (X,SaY) Diseaseymptos: Potato virus Y (PVY) is a Potyvirus, causes stipple streak. Plants can die in a severe case, and potatoes can be seriously affected, especially in storage. Leaves become yellow at their bases, then the whole plant wilts and dies. This is a list of diseases and disorders found in potatoes. Black heart occurs primarily in storage when the tubers do not receive enough oxygen. Black speck, black speck scab, russet scab on tubers. Yellowish brown coloured Sclerotia appeared on the infected tuber. Favourable condition Pathogen Mode of spread and survival Infection of seed tubers or stem invasion by P. parmentieri soon after emergence can result in blanking (rotting and death of the whole plant). If there is a slight infection of black scurf that can be controlled by treating seed tubers with mercuric chloride solution for 1.5 hr with acidulated mercuric chloride solution for 5 min. Poor vigour of plants due to nutrient deficiency in late season. Wilting is the initial symptom. Pathogen is soil and seed borne, remain in soil and plant debris including infected tubers, High temperature and moisture is the favourable for disease development. Pathogen Tobacco, pepper, and tomato can also serve as hosts of PVX. Appears on the seed tubers and the plant a more upright growth habit dissolve the cell walls and the... 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